Njengoba imboni yokukhiqiza yomhlaba wonke ithuthuka futhi ukwahlukaniswa kwabasebenzi kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe, izinkampani ziya ngokuya zikhetha ukunikeza abakhiqizi abangochwepheshe ukuklama nokukhiqiza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle futhi kuncishiswe izindleko. Kulesi simo, amamodeli e-ODM (Original Design Manufacturer) kanye ne-OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) abe yizibonelo ezimbili eziyinhloko embonini yokukhiqiza. Ngokusekelwe ebuhlotsheni phakathi kwe-CM (Contract Manufacturing) kanye ne-ODM kanye ne-OEM, lesi sihloko sizokwethula ngokujulile futhi sigqamise amakhono anamandla e-PXID kanye nezinzuzo ensimini ye-ODM.
1. Ukuhlaziywa komqondo we-CM, i-ODM kanye ne-OEM
1.1I-OEM (ukukhiqiza imishini yokuqala)
Imodeli ye-OEM isho ukuthi ikhasimende lidlulisela umklamo kanye nezixazululo zobuchwepheshe zomkhiqizo kumkhiqizi, obe esekhiqiza ngokwezidingo zobuchwepheshe zekhasimende. Ngaphansi kwalolu hlobo, umenzi akahlanganyeli ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo, kodwa unesibopho sokukhiqiza kanye nokukhiqiza kuphela. Imikhiqizo ivame ukuthengiswa ngaphansi kophawu lwekhasimende, ngakho indima yomenzi injengomphathi wokukhiqiza. Ngaphansi kwemodeli ye-OEM, ikhasimende linamalungelo okuklama ayisisekelo kanye namalungelo omkhiqizo womkhiqizo, kuyilapho umenzi enesibopho esikhulu sokulawula izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi. Inzuzo ye-OEM ukuthi amakhasimende angagxila ekukhangiseni nasekuphathweni kophawu, kuyilapho abakhiqizi benciphisa izindleko futhi bathole inzuzo ngokukhiqiza okukhulu.
1.2I-ODM (ukukhiqiza umklamo wokuqala)
Ngokungafani ne-OEM, i-ODM ayigcini nje ngokwenza imisebenzi yokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi ihilela ukuklama umkhiqizo kanye nocwaningo kanye nentuthuko. Izinkampani ze-ODM zisebenzisa amakhono azo e-R&D kanye nokuklama ukuze zinikeze amakhasimende izixazululo eziphelele zokuklama. Imikhiqizo kusukela ekubukekeni, umsebenzi kuya esakhiweni iklanywe ngokuzimela yizinkampani ze-ODM, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, zinikeza amakhasimende umkhiqizo we-OEM. Lo modeli wonga isikhathi esiningi kanye nezindleko. Ikakhulukazi ezinkampanini ezingenawo amakhono okuklama aqinile kanye ne-R&D, imodeli ye-ODM ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukuncintisana komkhiqizo wazo.
Isihluthulelo se-ODM ukuthi abakhiqizi abagcini nje ngokuba ngabaphathi bokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi bangabagqugquzeli bokusungula imikhiqizo. Ngokubambisana okuseduze namakhasimende, abakhiqizi be-ODM bangasabela ngokushesha ezidingweni zemakethe futhi basize amakhasimende ukuthi aqalise imikhiqizo ehambisana nezitayela zemakethe.
1.3I-CM (Ukukhiqiza Inkontileka)
I-CM iyimodeli yokukhiqiza ebanzi, ehlanganisa i-OEM ne-ODM. Ingqikithi yemodeli ye-CM ukuthi umenzi uhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokukhiqiza ngokwezinkontileka zamakhasimende. Ngokuqondene nenqubo yokukhiqiza, i-CM ingaba yi-OEM noma i-ODM, kuye ngokuthi ikhasimende lihlinzeka ngomklamo nokuthi umenzi uhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuklama.
Ukuguquguquka kwe-CM kulele eqinisweni lokuthi izinkampani zingakhetha ukunikeza izinkampani zokukhiqiza ngaphandle kuphela noma ukunikeza izinkampani zokukhiqiza ngaphandle yonke inqubo kusukela ekwakhiweni kuya ekukhiqizeni ngokwezidingo zazo. Ngaphansi kwemodeli ye-CM, izinkampani zingashintsha amasu azo okukhiqiza ngokuvumelana nezinguquko zemakethe, ngaleyo ndlela zigcine amakhono okuphendula aguquguqukayo emakethe encintisana kakhulu.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhono e-ODM e-PXID
Njengenkampani ye-ODM enekhono layo elikhulu lokuncintisana ngokusungula izinto ezintsha, i-PXID idlala indima ebalulekile ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka ngempahla emhlabeni jikelele. Impumelelo ye-PXID ayibonakali nje kuphela kubuchwepheshe bayo obuhle bokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi nasekusunguleni kwayo okuhle kakhulu kanye namakhono okwenza ngokwezifiso amakhasimende. I-PXID inikeza amakhasimende izixazululo ze-ODM ezitholakala kanyekanye ngokuhlanganiswa kokuklama, i-R&D kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka.
2.1.Amakhono amahle kakhulu okusungula izinto ezintsha
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko ze-PXID. Ngaphansi kwemodeli ye-ODM, amakhono okuklama omenzi anquma ngqo ukuncintisana kwemakethe komkhiqizo. I-PXID inethimba labaklami abanolwazi abangagcini nje ngokujwayelana nezitayela zamanje zemakethe, kodwa futhi abakwazi ukuklama imikhiqizo emisha ngokuhambisana nesithombe somkhiqizo kanye nokuma kwemakethe ngokwezidingo zamakhasimende.
Ithimba lokuklama le-PXID lingakha ngokushesha imikhiqizo ehlukene ngokusekelwe kulokho okuthandwa ngabathengi bezimakethe ezahlukene. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhayisikili likagesi noma isikuta sikagesi, i-PXID ingathembela ekuqondeni kwayo okubukhali emakethe kanye nemibono yokuklama emisha ukuze iqalise izixazululo zomkhiqizo ezibheke phambili ukusiza amakhasimende avelele emakethe encintisana kakhulu.
2.2.Amakhono aqinile e-R&D
Ucwaningo nentuthuko kungenye yezixhumanisi ezibaluleke kakhulu kumodeli ye-ODM. I-PXID iyaqhubeka nokukhulisa utshalomali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, inamalungelo obunikazi futhi iwine imiklomelo eminingi yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphinde ibe namaphrojekthi amaningi okuklama asezingeni eliphezulu njengephrojekthi yebhayisikili elisizwa ngogesi i-Volcon, iphrojekthi yebhayisikili elisizwa ngogesi i-YADEA-VFLY, kanye nephrojekthi yebhayisikili elisizwa ngogesi i-Wheels. Ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezintsha nobuchwepheshe obusha, i-PXID ibilokhu ihamba phambili embonini. Ithimba le-R&D le-PXID alikwazi nje kuphela ukuguqula imiqondo emisha ibe yizixazululo zomkhiqizo wangempela, kodwa futhi lenza njalo ukulungiswa okusebenzayo kanye nokulawula izindleko ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo ukuqinisekisa ukuncintisana komkhiqizo emakethe.
(Amasondo)
Njengoba inezindawo zokukhiqiza ezingaphezu kuka-25,000 square metres, ithimba lobuchwepheshe elingochwepheshe elakhiwe ngabasebenzi abaphezulu abangaphezu kwe-100, ithimba le-R&D elinabantu abangaphezu kuka-40, kanye neminyaka engu-11 yesipiliyoni sezimboni, inombolo ngayinye iyisizathu sokuba i-PXID ibe nokuzethemba okwanele.
(Ithimba Lokuklama)
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PXID ibheka ukubaluleka okukhulu kokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi kwemikhiqizo yayo futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ngamunye ungahlangabezana nezidingo zabasebenzisi bokugcina ngokusebenzisa imijikelezo eminingi yokuhlola nokwenza ngcono. Lo mqondo we-R&D ogxile kumsebenzisi uvumele imikhiqizo ye-PXID ukuthi ithole ukuqashelwa nokunconywa kabanzi emakethe.
2.3Ukuphathwa kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla kanye namakhono okukhiqiza asebenzayo
I-PXID ayinawo nje kuphela amakhono okuklama aqinile kanye ne-R&D, kodwa futhi inesistimu ephelele yokuphathwa kwe-supply chain kanye namakhono okukhiqiza. Ukuphathwa kwe-supply chain kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni imikhiqizo kusukela ekuklanyweni kuya ekukhiqizweni kuya ekulethweni. Ngokubambisana nabahlinzeki abahamba phambili emhlabeni, i-PXID yakhe uhlelo lwe-supply chain olusebenza kahle noluguquguqukayo ngokubambisana nabahlinzeki abahamba phambili emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imishini yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe nephumelelayo ingaqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ingalethwa ngesikhathi nangobuningi.
Ukuphathwa kwe-supply chain ye-PXID kuhlanganisa zonke izici kusukela ekuthengweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza kuya ekuthuthweni nasekusatshalalisweni. Ngohlelo oluqinile lokulawula ikhwalithi kanye nenethiwekhi ye-logistics esebenza kahle, i-PXID ayikwazi nje ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu yemikhiqizo kanye nokulethwa ngesikhathi, kodwa futhi isiza amakhasimende ukunciphisa ingcindezi yempahla kanye nezingozi zemakethe.
(Indawo yokukhiqiza amathuluzi)
(I-workshop yokucubungula i-CNC)
(I-workshop yokucubungula amathuluzi e-EDM)
(Ilabhorethri yokuhlola)
2.4Izinsizakalo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kanye namakhono okukhiqiza aguquguqukayo
Izinsizakalo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zingenye inzuzo enkulu ye-PXID. Njengomkhiqizi we-ODM, i-PXID iyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuklama nokukhiqiza ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zamakhasimende. Inqubo ye-ODM ye-PXID ihlanganisa nokukhiqizwa kwama-prototype. I-PXID yakha i-prototype yangempela, ekwazi ukugibela ukuqinisekisa isakhiwo ngasinye semishini kanye nokusebenza kwezingxenye ukulungiselela ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiqoqo elincane lama-oda enziwe ngokwezifiso noma ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi okukhulu, i-PXID ingaqinisekisa ukulethwa kokukhiqiza okuphumelelayo nokuseqophelweni eliphezulu ngezinqubo zokukhiqiza eziguquguqukayo.
(Ukukhiqizwa kwesibonelo)
Izinsizakalo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ze-PXID azigcini nje ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo, kodwa futhi zifaka phakathi ukwakheka kokupakisha, ukwenza ngokwezifiso umkhiqizo kanye neziphakamiso zamasu okumaketha. Ngokubambisana okujulile namakhasimende, i-PXID iyakwazi ukunikeza amakhasimende ukwesekwa okuphelele nokusiza amakhasimende ukufeza izixazululo ezihlanganisiwe kusukela ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo kuya ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo.
Kuphrojekthi yebhayisikili esizwa ngogesi eyenzelwe iVolcon, ibhayisikili lisebenzisa umzimba we-aluminium yonke, kanti uhlaka olungaphansi lusebenzisa inqubo yokwakha i-aluminium enamandla aphezulu. Imoto yonke inomkhawulo wamandla amakhulu. Ibhethri elinomthamo omkhulu wemoto yonke lingasuswa ngokushesha, futhi Indawo yokugcina eklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa. Umcamelo wesihlalo okhulisiwe owenziwe ngokwezifiso wenza ukugibela kube mnandi kakhulu. Amandla okukhiqiza aqinile e-PXID nawo anikeza isiqinisekiso esinamandla sokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi. Kusukela ekwakhiweni kuya ekukhiqizweni kweprototype, kuya ekuhlolweni kokuhlola kuya ekwakhiweni kokugcina kokupakisha kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokukhiqiza, ukuqedwa kwesixhumanisi ngasinye kuwubufakazi bamakhono e-ODM e-PXID. Ngokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezisebenzayo, i-PXID iqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kuzo zonke izinyathelo futhi ekugcineni ifinyelela ukulethwa komkhiqizo kwekhwalithi ephezulu.
(I-Volcon)
2.5Ukusekelwa kwemakethe yomhlaba wonke
Njengoba imakethe yomhlaba wonke iqhubeka nokukhula, i-PXID ayigcini nje ngokugxila ekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa futhi inaka kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo kanye nokusekelwa kwemikhiqizo. Izidingo zabathengi kanye nezidingo zomthetho ziyahlukahluka ezimakethe ezahlukene. Lapho i-PXID inikeza amakhasimende izinsizakalo ze-ODM, izozivumelanisa nezici zemakethe zezifunda ezahlukene ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ingahlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi bendawo kanye nezidingo zomthetho.
Ngokusungula inethiwekhi yesevisi yomhlaba wonke, i-PXID iyakwazi ukunikeza amakhasimende ukwesekwa okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nensizakalo yangemva kokuthengisa, okusiza amakhasimende ukuba ancintisane kakhulu emakethe yomhlaba wonke.
3. Inani lebhizinisi elethwe amakhono e-PXID ODM
Amakhono e-ODM anamandla e-PXID aletha inani elikhulu lebhizinisi kumakhasimende, okubonakala ngokukhethekile kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
3.1Nciphisa izindleko zocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhasimende kanye nokukhiqiza
Ngokukhetha izinsizakalo ze-ODM ze-PXID, amakhasimende anganciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezingozi ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizweni komkhiqizo. Uhlelo lwe-R&D oluvuthiwe lwe-PXID kanye nokukhiqiza lungafinyeza ngempumelelo umjikelezo womkhiqizo kusukela ekwakhiweni kuya ekuqalisweni, ngaleyo ndlela kusize amakhasimende angene emakethe ngokushesha. Le modeli yesevisi ephumelelayo ayigcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko ze-R&D zamakhasimende, kodwa futhi isiza amakhasimende ukufeza ukulawula izindleko enqubweni yokukhiqiza.
3.2Thuthukisa ukusungula izinto ezintsha zomkhiqizo kanye nokuncintisana emakethe
Ngamakhono ayo amahle kakhulu okuklama kanye namakhono e-R&D, i-PXID iyakwazi ukuhlinzeka amakhasimende ngezixazululo zomkhiqizo ezintsha kakhulu nezivumelana nemakethe. Leli khono lokuphendula ngokushesha ezinguqukweni zemakethe livumela amakhasimende e-PXID ukuthi ahlale ephethe isikhundla esiphambili emikhiqizweni emncintiswaneni omkhulu wemakethe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu enikezwa yi-PXID isiza amakhasimende ukuthuthukisa isithombe somkhiqizo wawo kanye nesabelo semakethe.
3.3Impendulo eguquguqukayo ezidingweni zemakethe
Ngaphansi kwemodeli ye-ODM, i-PXID ingaphendula ngokuguquguqukayo ezidingweni ezahlukene zamakhasimende. I-PXID ingahlinzeka ngezixazululo zokukhiqiza eziguquguqukayo kusukela ekukhiqizweni okuncane okwenziwe ngokwezifiso kuya ekukhiqizweni okukhulu. Lokhu kuguquguquka akusizi nje kuphela amakhasimende ukunciphisa ingcindezi yempahla, kodwa futhi kwenza amakhasimende akwazi ukulungisa ngokushesha amasu omkhiqizo ngokuya ngezinguquko zesidingo semakethe, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe isivinini sokuphendula emakethe.
3.4Ukusekelwa kwendawo kwezimakethe zomhlaba wonke
Amakhono okusekela e-PXID asendaweni ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke ayisici esivelele sezinsizakalo zayo ze-ODM. Ngokuqonda okujulile izidingo zomthetho kanye nezintandokazi zabathengi zezimakethe ezahlukene, i-PXID iyakwazi ukunikeza amakhasimende izixazululo zomkhiqizo ezihlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe yendawo futhi zisize amakhasimende aphumelele kakhulu emakethe yomhlaba wonke.
Njengenkampani ehamba phambili ye-ODM, i-PXID ayinawo nje kuphela amakhono okuklama nokukhiqiza aqinile, kodwa futhi inikeza amakhasimende ukwesekwa okuphelele nge-R&D enhle kakhulu, ukuphathwa kweketanga lokuhlinzeka kanye nezinsizakalo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Izinsizakalo ze-ODM ze-PXID zisiza amakhasimende ukunciphisa izindleko, ukuthuthukisa ukusungula umkhiqizo, kanye nokusheshisa impendulo yemakethe. Emakethe yanamuhla yomhlaba wonke encintisana kakhulu, i-PXID isibe ngumlingani okhethwayo wemikhiqizo eminingi ngamakhono ayo amahle kanye nezinsizakalo. Kulezo zinkampani ezifuna ukuthuthukiswa nokukhiqiza umkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu futhi omusha, i-PXID ngokungangabazeki ingumlingani we-ODM ongcono kakhulu.
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